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This article contains. The purpose of Wikipedia is to present facts, not to train. Please help either by rewriting the how-to content or by it to,. ( October 2016) () Cracking a wireless network is defeating the security of a (back-jack wireless LAN). A commonly used wireless LAN is a network. Wireless LANs have inherent security weaknesses from which wired networks are exempt. Wireless cracking is an information network attack similar to a direct intrusion.
Two frequent types of in wireless LANs are those caused by poor configuration, and those caused by weak or flawed. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Wireless network basics [ ] • Wireless local-area networks are based on. This is a set of standards defined by the. • 802.11 networks are either infrastructure networks or ad hoc networks. By default, people refer to infrastructure networks. Infrastructure networks are composed of one or more that coordinate the wireless traffic between the nodes and often connect the nodes to a wired network, acting as a or a. • Each access point constitutes a network that is named a basic service set or BSS.
A BSS is identified by a BSSID, usually the of the access point. • Each access point is part of an extended service set or ESS, which is identified by an ESSID or SSID in short, usually a character string. • A basic service set consists of one access point and several wireless clients. An extended service set is a configuration with multiple access points and roaming capabilities for the clients. An independent basic service set or IBSS is the ad hoc configuration.
This configuration allows wireless clients to connect to each other directly, without an access point as a central manager. • Access points broadcast a signal regularly to make the network known to clients. Patch traduzione ita dino crisis 2 dino crisis. They relay traffic from one wireless client to another. Access points may determine which clients may connect, and when clients do, they are said to be associated with the access point. To obtain access to an access point, both the BSSID and the SSID are required. • Ad hoc networks have no access point for central coordination. Each node connects in a peer-to-peer way. Konverter formata doc v latex.
This configuration is an independent basic service set or IBSS. Ad hoc networks also have an SSID. Wireless network frames [ ] 802.11 networks use data, management frames, and control frames. Data frames convey the real data, and are similar to those of Ethernet. Management frames maintain both network configuration and connectivity. Control frames manage access to the ether and prevent access points and clients from interfering with each other in the ether. Some information on management frames will be helpful to better understand what programs for reconnaissance do.
• Beacon frames are used primarily in reconnaissance. They advertise the existence and basic configuration of the network.
Each frame contains the BSSID, the SSID, and some information on basic authentication and encryption. Clients use the flow of beacon frames to monitor the signal strength of their access point. • Probe request frames are almost the same as the beacon frames. A probe request frame is sent from a client when it wants to connect to a wireless network.
It contains information about the requested network. • Probe response frames are sent to clients to answer probe request frames.
One response frame answers each request frame, and it contains information on the capabilities and configurations of the network. Useful for reconnaissance. • Authentication request frames are sent by clients when they want to connect to a network.
Authentication precedes association in infrastructure networks. Either authentication or shared key authentication is possible.
After serious flaws were found in shared key authentication, most networks switched to open authentication, combined with a stronger authentication method applied after the association phase. • Authentication response frames are sent to clients to answer authentication request frames. There is one answer to each request, and it contains either status information or a challenge related to shared key authentication. • Association request frames are sent by clients to associate with the network. An association request frame contains much of the same information as the probe request contains, and it must have the SSID.